Individual Practice SWES Practice Test

Which principle of social work may be relaxed when working with a mentally retarded client?

1. Confidentiality

2. Self-determination

3. Informed consent

4. Client empowerment

The correct answer is: Self-determination

The principle of self-determination in social work refers to the client's right to make choices and control their own life, which is foundational in promoting autonomy and dignity. However, when working with clients who have intellectual disabilities, practitioners may sometimes find themselves in situations where the individual's ability to make informed decisions is compromised. In these cases, the social worker is tasked with balancing the need to respect the individual's preferences and decisions against the reality of their cognitive limitations. There may be circumstances—such as when the safety of the client or others is at risk—where the professional must intervene more decisively, potentially overriding the client's self-determination. The goal remains to support the client's autonomy wherever possible while simultaneously ensuring their well-being. Confidentiality is a critical principle that protects client privacy and is typically upheld regardless of the client's cognitive abilities. Informed consent is also a vital aspect that requires the client to comprehend the information presented to them, which can be more complex for individuals with significant cognitive impairments. Client empowerment focuses on enabling the individual to gain skills and confidence, which can coincide with self-determination but may also require adjustments in practice when the client’s capabilities differ significantly from those of the general population.